La Revue Internationale de Criminologie et de Police Technique et Scientifique (RICPTS) a été l’organe officiel de l’Association Internationale des Criminologues de Langue Française de 1986 à 2022.
Consacrée d’une part à la criminologie, c’est-à-dire à la connaissance et à l’explication du phénomène criminel, ainsi qu’à la prévention du crime et à l’étude de la réaction sociale au crime, cette revue est d’autre part consacrée à la police technique et scientifique ou plus généralement aux sciences forensiques dans leur ensemble. Pour en savoir plus
En avril 2020, un nouvel accord a été signé entre l’AICLF et la RICPTS concernant la numérisation de la revue et ses modes de diffusion.
Voici les nouveautés liées à ce partenariat:
- Les membres de l’AICLF en ordre de cotisation obtiennent un accès sans embargo pour l’ensemble des articles.
- Les non membres auront accès aux futurs articles après un embargo de 12 mois.
Milliet, Quentin; Sapin, Éric Germain
Proposition d’une méthodologie de reconstruction d’événement à partir d’images Article de journal
Dans: Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique, vol. LXXIII, no. 3, p. 360–381, 2020.
@article{RICPTS2020-03-06,
title = {Proposition d’une méthodologie de reconstruction d’événement à partir d’images},
author = { Quentin Milliet and Éric Germain Sapin},
url = {https://aiclf.net/access-ricpts.php?file=https://www.aiclf.net/wp-content/uploads/ricpts/2020-2022/RICPTS_2020-03-06.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-30},
journal = {Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique},
volume = {LXXIII},
number = {3},
pages = {360–381},
abstract = {L’enregistrement toujours plus accessible des activités humaines entraine une prolifération des images témoins d’affaires criminelles. Même ambigües ou de qualité médiocre, ces images enregistrées avant, pendant ou après les activités criminelles constituent une précieuse source d’informations. Il est essentiel de reconnaître l’importance que peuvent avoir ces images pour la reconstruction d’évènement et de trouver des pistes pour exploiter leur potentiel informatif. Le but de cet article est de proposer une méthodologie pour extraire et combiner les informations des images en vue de reconstruire un évènement. Elle se base sur la réalité représentée par les images et les traces laissées par le système d’acquisition afin de dévoiler, mesurer et récupérer des informations. La méthodologie proposée distingue plusieurs niveaux d’observation, d’exploitation et de communication, intégrés dans un processus cyclique. Elle permet de combiner des images issues de systèmes d’enregistrements hétérogènes et de déceler des indices imperceptibles par une simple observation. Cette méthodologie est illustrée à l’aide d’un cas pratique qui explicite l’obtention progressive d’indices. Cet exemple met en exergue la plus-value qu’une approche systématique d’utilisation d’images peut apporter à la compréhension d’un évènement particulier. La démarche s’accompagne d’échanges continus avec les enquêteurs afin d’aboutir à une reconstruction cohérente et transparente des faits. Elle fait aussi évoluer les questionnements sur une affaire et contribue à préciser les contours d’une enquête. Cette approche méthodologique offre une dimension générale, voire universelle, à l’utilisation de l’image par les magistrats, enquêteurs et scientifiques qui y sont confrontés.
The ever more accessible recording of human activities is leading to a proliferation of images of criminal cases. Even ambiguous or of mediocre quality, these images recorded before, during or after the criminal activities constitute a valuable source of information. It is essential to recognize the importance that these images can have for event reconstruction and to find ways to exploit their informational potential. The purpose of this article is to propose a methodology for extracting and combining information from images with the aim of reconstructing an event. It is based on the reality represented by the images and traces left by the acquisition system in order to unveil, measure and retrieve information. The proposed methodology distinguishes several levels of observation, exploitation and communication, integrated into a cyclical process. It makes it possible to combine images from heterogeneous recording systems and to reveal clues that remained imperceptible through the first observation.The proposed methodology is illustrated using a practical case that explains the gradual acquisition of clues. This example highlights the added value that a systematic approach to using images can bring to the understanding of a particular event. The process is accompanied by continuous exchanges with the investigators in order to achieve a coherent and transparent reconstruction of the facts. It also changes the questions on a case and helps to clarify the contours of an investigation. This methodological approach offers a general, even universal, dimension to the use of the images by magistrates, investigators and scientists.},
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pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
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The ever more accessible recording of human activities is leading to a proliferation of images of criminal cases. Even ambiguous or of mediocre quality, these images recorded before, during or after the criminal activities constitute a valuable source of information. It is essential to recognize the importance that these images can have for event reconstruction and to find ways to exploit their informational potential. The purpose of this article is to propose a methodology for extracting and combining information from images with the aim of reconstructing an event. It is based on the reality represented by the images and traces left by the acquisition system in order to unveil, measure and retrieve information. The proposed methodology distinguishes several levels of observation, exploitation and communication, integrated into a cyclical process. It makes it possible to combine images from heterogeneous recording systems and to reveal clues that remained imperceptible through the first observation.The proposed methodology is illustrated using a practical case that explains the gradual acquisition of clues. This example highlights the added value that a systematic approach to using images can bring to the understanding of a particular event. The process is accompanied by continuous exchanges with the investigators in order to achieve a coherent and transparent reconstruction of the facts. It also changes the questions on a case and helps to clarify the contours of an investigation. This methodological approach offers a general, even universal, dimension to the use of the images by magistrates, investigators and scientists.
Ndong, Serges Meye; Boudzanga, Pegui-Bere Adamon
La coopération policière en Afrique centrale – Enjeux, Structures et Difficultés Article de journal
Dans: Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique, vol. LXXIII, no. 3, p. 340–359, 2020.
@article{RICPTS2020-03-05,
title = {La coopération policière en Afrique centrale – Enjeux, Structures et Difficultés},
author = { Serges Meye Ndong and Pegui-Bere Adamon Boudzanga},
url = {https://aiclf.net/access-ricpts.php?file=https://www.aiclf.net/wp-content/uploads/ricpts/2020-2022/RICPTS_2020-03-05.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-30},
journal = {Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique},
volume = {LXXIII},
number = {3},
pages = {340–359},
abstract = {C’est en 1997 que les Etats de l’Afrique centrale, dans le cadre de la coopération économique, plus particulièrement, de la libre-circulation des personnes et des biens, perçue par ailleurs comme l’un des vecteurs de la criminalité transfrontalière, décidèrent, en guise de préalable de sécurité, de créer la coopération policière régionale. Celle-ci a, certes, connu quelques balbutiements, à ses débuts mais est déjà effective. Elle présente, cependant, non seulement des problèmes de structures et une forte dépendance à l’OIPC-Interpol qui demeure sa cheville ouvrière mais également des difficultés inhérentes à la gestion des menaces transfrontalières.
It was in 1997 that the Central African States, in the context of economic cooperation, more particularly, the free movement of people and goods, also perceived as one of the vectors of cross-border crime, decided, as a security precondition, to create regional police cooperation. It has, admittedly, experienced some stammering at its inception but is already effective. It presents, however, not only structural problems and a strong dependence on the ICPO-Interpol but also inherent difficulties in the management of cross-border threats, which is the essence of its creation.},
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It was in 1997 that the Central African States, in the context of economic cooperation, more particularly, the free movement of people and goods, also perceived as one of the vectors of cross-border crime, decided, as a security precondition, to create regional police cooperation. It has, admittedly, experienced some stammering at its inception but is already effective. It presents, however, not only structural problems and a strong dependence on the ICPO-Interpol but also inherent difficulties in the management of cross-border threats, which is the essence of its creation.
Collin-Santerre, Justine; Deslauriers-Varin, Nadine
Profils d’incendiaires et d’incendies criminels : Une typologie québécoise basée sur l’analyse de classes latentes Article de journal
Dans: Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique, vol. LXXIII, no. 3, p. 317–339, 2020.
@article{RICPTS2020-03-04,
title = {Profils d’incendiaires et d’incendies criminels : Une typologie québécoise basée sur l’analyse de classes latentes},
author = { Justine Collin-Santerre and Nadine Deslauriers-Varin},
url = {https://aiclf.net/access-ricpts.php?file=https://www.aiclf.net/wp-content/uploads/ricpts/2020-2022/RICPTS_2020-03-04.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-30},
journal = {Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique},
volume = {LXXIII},
number = {3},
pages = {317–339},
abstract = {L’objectif de cette étude est de développer une typologie des incendiaires québécois, ainsi qu’une typologie des incendies criminels, toutes deux dérivées d’analyses statistiques et ayant une portée autant pratique que scientifique. En collectant des informations sociodémographiques, événementielles et psychologiques, il fut possible de faire ressortir les principales scènes de crime visées par les incendiaires ainsi que leurs motifs à commettre un crime d’incendie, grâce à l’analyse de classes latentes. Pour ce faire, des dossiers provenant de différents corps policiers de la province de Québec furent consultés et codifiés. Pour sélectionner les dossiers, un outil de collecte de données était acheminé aux différents corps policiers participants à l’étude. Les résultats démontrent que quatre scènes de crime sont principalement visées par les incendiaires, ainsi que six motifs des incendiaires québécois. Ces sousgroupes de motifs identifiés furent ensuite combinés avec les scènes de crime identifiées, afin de démontrer les possibles associations entre les scènes de crimes et les motifs des auteurs. Globalement, les analyses permettent de soulever que les profils des crimes d’incendie et des incendiaires sont méconnus au Québec et qu’en comprenant les motifs de ces incendiaires, l’enquête en sera mieux orientée tout en permettant de réduire le bassin de suspects potentiels et faciliter son identification.
The goal of this study was to explore and develop a statistically derived typology of arsons and arsonists from the Province of Quebec, for practical as much as scientific concerns. By collecting sociodemographic, criminals, and psychological information on the crime and the individual, it was possible to identify, through latent class analyses, the most targeted crime scenes and main motivations to commit an arson. To do so, police files from across the Province were selected and coded. To select those files, a coding sheet was sent to police services across the Province of Quebec. Results show four mains targeted crime scenes and six main motivations to commit arson. The identified crime scene and motivation profiles were then combined, using bivariate analyses, to see how the arsonists’ motivation varied based on the targeted crime scenes. Globally, analyses highlighted that arson and arsonist profiles are still unknown in Quebec and, by knowing the most targeted crime scene and arsonist motivations, it is possible to enhances the investigators’ comprehension in arson cases, as much as guide them in terms of crime prevention and suspects’ prioritization and identification.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The goal of this study was to explore and develop a statistically derived typology of arsons and arsonists from the Province of Quebec, for practical as much as scientific concerns. By collecting sociodemographic, criminals, and psychological information on the crime and the individual, it was possible to identify, through latent class analyses, the most targeted crime scenes and main motivations to commit an arson. To do so, police files from across the Province were selected and coded. To select those files, a coding sheet was sent to police services across the Province of Quebec. Results show four mains targeted crime scenes and six main motivations to commit arson. The identified crime scene and motivation profiles were then combined, using bivariate analyses, to see how the arsonists’ motivation varied based on the targeted crime scenes. Globally, analyses highlighted that arson and arsonist profiles are still unknown in Quebec and, by knowing the most targeted crime scene and arsonist motivations, it is possible to enhances the investigators’ comprehension in arson cases, as much as guide them in terms of crime prevention and suspects’ prioritization and identification.
Dieu, Erwan; Testouri, Linda; Palaric, Ronan
L’outil IVIE-tr sur les Investissements de VIE lors des trajectoires de radicalisation : une application pratique du modèle de l’Identité Temporelle TIM-E à destination des professionnels de terrain Article de journal
Dans: Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique, vol. LXXIII, no. 3, p. 300–316, 2020.
@article{RICPTS2020-03-03,
title = {L’outil IVIE-tr sur les Investissements de VIE lors des trajectoires de radicalisation : une application pratique du modèle de l’Identité Temporelle TIM-E à destination des professionnels de terrain},
author = { Erwan Dieu and Linda Testouri and Ronan Palaric},
url = {https://aiclf.net/access-ricpts.php?file=https://www.aiclf.net/wp-content/uploads/ricpts/2020-2022/RICPTS_2020-03-03.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-30},
journal = {Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique},
volume = {LXXIII},
number = {3},
pages = {300–316},
abstract = {Le processus dit de radicalisation et sa prise en charge impose un nouveau regard sur les modes d’intervention des professionnels des champs socio-judiciaire et éducatif. Inspiré de la littérature internationale et des besoins exprimés par les terrains, l’outil IVIE, présenté dans cet article, permet une évaluation de la situation d’une personne dans sa globalité à un instant présent, tout en permettant une projection vers un futur non-infractionnel. L’évaluation permet de mettre en exergue les forces et faiblesses de la personne et de construire, alors, un plan de prise en charge. Cet article restitue les premières expérimentations d’IVIE par les acteurs de terrain, mettant en évidence une certaine technicité, mais également une démarche positive centrée sur un futur possible et non plus un présent difficile. La pluridisciplinarité, au travers de l’usage d’IVIE, serait également facilitée.
The so-called process of radicalization and its support imposes a new focus on the modes of intervention in socio-judicial and educational fields. Inspired by the international literature and needs expressed by the terrain, the IVIE tool, presented in this article, allows an assessment of the situation of a person at a given moment, while allowing a projection towards a non-criminal future. The evaluation makes it possible to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the person and to build, then, a plan of care. This article restores the first experiments of IVIE by the actors in the field, highlighting a certain technicality, but also a positive approach centered on a possible future and not a difficult present. Multidisciplinary, using IVIE, would also be facilitated.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The so-called process of radicalization and its support imposes a new focus on the modes of intervention in socio-judicial and educational fields. Inspired by the international literature and needs expressed by the terrain, the IVIE tool, presented in this article, allows an assessment of the situation of a person at a given moment, while allowing a projection towards a non-criminal future. The evaluation makes it possible to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the person and to build, then, a plan of care. This article restores the first experiments of IVIE by the actors in the field, highlighting a certain technicality, but also a positive approach centered on a possible future and not a difficult present. Multidisciplinary, using IVIE, would also be facilitated.
Ouabri, Farid
La profession de criminologue en Algérie : une espèce en voie d’apparition ? Article de journal
Dans: Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique, vol. LXXIII, no. 3, p. 290–299, 2020.
@article{RICPTS2020-03-02,
title = {La profession de criminologue en Algérie : une espèce en voie d’apparition ?},
author = { Farid Ouabri},
url = {https://aiclf.net/access-ricpts.php?file=https://www.aiclf.net/wp-content/uploads/ricpts/2020-2022/RICPTS_2020-03-02.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-30},
journal = {Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique},
volume = {LXXIII},
number = {3},
pages = {290–299},
abstract = {La profession de criminologue est un sujet qui, à ce jour, n’a jamais été traité en Algérie. Perçu comme une espèce étrange et étrangère, le spécialiste de l’étude du crime suscite pourtant plusieurs interrogations sur l’exercice même de sa profession. En effet, comment définit-on un criminologue, et sous quelles conditions peut-on se prévaloir de cette qualité? Quelles sont les missions dévolues et les qualités requises pour un criminologue? Quid, des perspectives d’emploi et d’évolution de carrière? Enfin, peut-on concevoir l’exercice d’une profession qui n’est pas encore réglementée, ni connue ou organisée? C’est l’ensemble de ces questions que le présent article tente d’aborder. Les réponses peuvent y être déroutantes!
The profession of criminologist is a subject that, to date, has never been treated in Algeria. Perceived as a strange and foreign species, the specialist in the study of crime raises several questions about the very exercise of his profession. Indeed, how do we define a criminologist, and under what conditions can we rely on this quality? What are the assigned missions and qualities required for a criminologist? What about job prospects and career development? Finally, can on conceive the exercise of a profession that is not yet regulated, not known or organized? It is all of these questions that this article attempts to address. The answers can be confusing!},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
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The profession of criminologist is a subject that, to date, has never been treated in Algeria. Perceived as a strange and foreign species, the specialist in the study of crime raises several questions about the very exercise of his profession. Indeed, how do we define a criminologist, and under what conditions can we rely on this quality? What are the assigned missions and qualities required for a criminologist? What about job prospects and career development? Finally, can on conceive the exercise of a profession that is not yet regulated, not known or organized? It is all of these questions that this article attempts to address. The answers can be confusing!
Lussier, Patrick; Deslauriers-Varin, Nadine; Mathesius, Jeff; Thivierge, Stéphanie Chouinard
Cheval de Troie, populisme pénal et registres publics de délinquants sexuels Article de journal
Dans: Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique, vol. LXXIII, no. 3, p. 259–289, 2020.
@article{RICPTS2020-03-01,
title = {Cheval de Troie, populisme pénal et registres publics de délinquants sexuels},
author = { Patrick Lussier and Nadine Deslauriers-Varin and Jeff Mathesius and Stéphanie Chouinard Thivierge},
url = {https://aiclf.net/access-ricpts.php?file=https://www.aiclf.net/wp-content/uploads/ricpts/2020-2022/RICPTS_2020-03-01.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-30},
journal = {Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique},
volume = {LXXIII},
number = {3},
pages = {259–289},
abstract = {Depuis maintenant plus de deux décennies, les États-Unis disposent de registres publics de délinquants sexuels et d’avis publics afin d’informer les citoyens de leur présence dans la collectivité. Selon les promoteurs des lois ayant mené à l’implantation de ces mesures, les registres et avis publics permettent d’accroître la sécurité publique puisqu’elles représentent un dissuasif important au passage à l’acte criminel. Le présent article propose une analyse critique des prémisses de ces mesures ainsi que de l’expérience américaine concernant l’implantation, les enjeux et l’impact des registres et avis publics sur la délinquance sexuelle. En fait, ces mesures reposent sur de fausses prémisses et des conclusions erronées concernant les individus ayant commis un délit à caractère sexuel ainsi que leur risque de récidive sexuelle. À la lumière de cette analyse, les auteurs concluent que ces mesures jouent un rôle symbolique qui s’inscrit dans la foulée d’un populisme pénal à l’égard de «délinquants sexuels» et constitue, du même coup, un exemple contemporain de cheval de Troie en matière de politiques et mesures pénales.
For more than two decades, public sex offender registries and public notifications have been part of the policy landscape in the United States. The implementation of such measures were based on the idea that informing the public about the presence of “sex offenders” in the community would increase public safety while representing a powerful deterrent effect. The current study proposes a critical examination of the underlying assumptions of these measures as well as the American experience with respect to the implementation, key issues and impact of sex offender registries and public notification. The authors argue that these measures are based on false assumptions and erroneous conclusions about individuals having been convicted of a sex crime and their risk of sexual recidivism. In the light of this analysis, the authors conclude that these measures play a symbolic role in the wake of a penal populism movement toward “sex offenders” and, at the same time, constitutes a contemporary example of a Trojan horse policy},
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pubstate = {published},
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For more than two decades, public sex offender registries and public notifications have been part of the policy landscape in the United States. The implementation of such measures were based on the idea that informing the public about the presence of “sex offenders” in the community would increase public safety while representing a powerful deterrent effect. The current study proposes a critical examination of the underlying assumptions of these measures as well as the American experience with respect to the implementation, key issues and impact of sex offender registries and public notification. The authors argue that these measures are based on false assumptions and erroneous conclusions about individuals having been convicted of a sex crime and their risk of sexual recidivism. In the light of this analysis, the authors conclude that these measures play a symbolic role in the wake of a penal populism movement toward “sex offenders” and, at the same time, constitutes a contemporary example of a Trojan horse policy
Cusson, Maurice
Sécurité et liberté d’hier et d’aujourd’hui Article de journal
Dans: Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique, vol. LXXIII, no. 2, p. 236–254, 2020.
@article{RICPTS2020-02-06,
title = {Sécurité et liberté d’hier et d’aujourd’hui},
author = { Maurice Cusson},
url = {https://aiclf.net/access-ricpts.php?file=https://www.aiclf.net/wp-content/uploads/ricpts/2020-2022/RICPTS_2020-02-06.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-06-30},
journal = {Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique},
volume = {LXXIII},
number = {2},
pages = {236–254},
abstract = {La difficile question des rapports entre la sécurité et la liberté interpelle les criminologues, les criminalistes et les autres professionnels de la sécurité. Cet article tente une réconciliation entre ces deux finalités. Il commence par un examen de la nature de la sécurité et une énumération des principaux spécialistes et non-spécialistes de la sécurité privée, publique et informelle. Il poursuit par une définition de la liberté. Une troisième partie est consacrée aux idées de deux classiques de la liberté : John Stuart Mill et de Friedrich Hayek. Elle est suivie par une présentation de la situation des libertés économiques dans les démocraties libérales du XXIe siècle. La dernière partie répond à onze questions que nous nous posons aujourd’hui sur de la dialectique entre la sécurité et la liberté. Ces questions sont les suivantes. Quelle est l’utilité sociale d’un juste milieu entre la sécurité et la liberté ? Comment les démocraties libérales du XXIe siècle parviennent-elles à se gouverner sans trop brimer les libertés individuelles ? Quand l’action de sécurité menace-t-elle la liberté et, à ce propos, quelles leçons se dégagent du funeste exemple des totalitarismes du XXe siècle ? De nos jours, quel type de régime menace nos libertés ? Pour quelles raisons les citoyens, et particulièrement les professionnels de la sécurité, doivent-ils rester vigilants à l’endroit des pouvoirs et des puissants ? Les contre-pouvoirs sont-ils encore nécessaires à la liberté ? Comment l’éparpillement actuel des organismes de sécurité privée et publique sert-il autant la liberté que la sécurité ? Faut-il quelquefois sacrifier la liberté à la sécurité ? Qu’elle est la meilleure solution ? Dissuader les délinquants ou les priver de la liberté de commettre une infraction ? Pour quelles raisons les démocraties libérales, imposent-elles des limites à la liberté ? Que penser des peines privatives de liberté ? La croissance exponentielle des nouvelles technologies de surveillance porte-t-elle atteinte à nos libertés ?
The difficult question of the relationship between security and freedom is a challenge for criminologists and other security professionals. This article attempts to reconcile security and freedom. It begins with an examination of the nature of security. He goes on to define freedom. A third part is devoted to the ideas of two classics : John Stuart Mill and Friedrich Hayek. It is followed by a description of economic freedoms in liberal democracies in the 21st century. The last part answers the following questions on the interaction between security and freedom. What is the social utility of a balance between security and freedom ? How can liberal democracies in the 21st century manage to govern themselves without unduly restricting individual freedoms ? When does security threaten freedom and, in this regard, what lessons can be drawn from the fateful example of 20th century totalitarianism ? Nowadays, what kind of regime threatens our freedoms ? Why should security professionals remain vigilant towards the powerful ? Are counter-powers still necessary ? How does the current fragmentation of private and public security organizations serve both freedom and security ? Do we sometimes have to sacrifice freedom for security ? Is it better to deprive offenders totally of the freedom to commit an offence or to deter them ? Why do liberal democracies impose limits on freedom ? What about custodial sentences ? Does the exponential growth of new surveillance technologies undermine our freedoms ?},
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pubstate = {published},
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The difficult question of the relationship between security and freedom is a challenge for criminologists and other security professionals. This article attempts to reconcile security and freedom. It begins with an examination of the nature of security. He goes on to define freedom. A third part is devoted to the ideas of two classics : John Stuart Mill and Friedrich Hayek. It is followed by a description of economic freedoms in liberal democracies in the 21st century. The last part answers the following questions on the interaction between security and freedom. What is the social utility of a balance between security and freedom ? How can liberal democracies in the 21st century manage to govern themselves without unduly restricting individual freedoms ? When does security threaten freedom and, in this regard, what lessons can be drawn from the fateful example of 20th century totalitarianism ? Nowadays, what kind of regime threatens our freedoms ? Why should security professionals remain vigilant towards the powerful ? Are counter-powers still necessary ? How does the current fragmentation of private and public security organizations serve both freedom and security ? Do we sometimes have to sacrifice freedom for security ? Is it better to deprive offenders totally of the freedom to commit an offence or to deter them ? Why do liberal democracies impose limits on freedom ? What about custodial sentences ? Does the exponential growth of new surveillance technologies undermine our freedoms ?
Dieu, Erwan; Palaric, Ronan; Maillot, Axel
Pratique restaurative et processus de désistance identitaire : le Programme de Parrainage de Désistance (PPD) Article de journal
Dans: Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique, vol. LXXIII, no. 2, p. 220–235, 2020.
@article{RICPTS2020-02-05,
title = {Pratique restaurative et processus de désistance identitaire : le Programme de Parrainage de Désistance (PPD)},
author = { Erwan Dieu and Ronan Palaric and Axel Maillot},
url = {https://aiclf.net/access-ricpts.php?file=https://www.aiclf.net/wp-content/uploads/ricpts/2020-2022/RICPTS_2020-02-05.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-06-30},
journal = {Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique},
volume = {LXXIII},
number = {2},
pages = {220–235},
abstract = {Cet article vise à décrire un programme correctionnel de parrainage d’auteurs d’infraction inspiré des cercles de soutien et de responsabilité. Ce programme offre aux infracteurs, alors « filleuls », un accompagnement par un « parrain », issu de la société civile. Cet accompagnement a pour objectif la désistance. Après avoir rappelées les modalités pratiques du programme, cet article présentera les liens avec le « processus » de désistance à partir des discours des participants ayant traversé le programme. Les analyses mettent en évidence un meilleur investissement des sphères de vie étayantes et protectrices (face à la récidive). Ces données sont mises en perspective avec les théories de criminologie positive questionnant l’identité du délinquant, théories que sont la Désistance, le Good Lives Model (GLM) et le Modèle de l’Identité Temporelle (TIM-E).
This article aims to describe a Volunteers of Desistance program (VoD) inspired by Circles of Support and Accountability (CoSA). The program offers persons under juridical control, “volunteer of desistance”, support by a “volunteer of civil society”. The goal of this restorative practice is the desistance. After describing the practice modalities of the program, this article presents the linked about identity desistance process reported by offenders. The effects show an improved investment in Life Plan and protective factors. These results are put in perspective with positive criminological theories of identity : Desistance, Good Lives Model (GLM), Temporal Identity Model (TIM-E).},
keywords = {},
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tppubtype = {article}
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This article aims to describe a Volunteers of Desistance program (VoD) inspired by Circles of Support and Accountability (CoSA). The program offers persons under juridical control, “volunteer of desistance”, support by a “volunteer of civil society”. The goal of this restorative practice is the desistance. After describing the practice modalities of the program, this article presents the linked about identity desistance process reported by offenders. The effects show an improved investment in Life Plan and protective factors. These results are put in perspective with positive criminological theories of identity : Desistance, Good Lives Model (GLM), Temporal Identity Model (TIM-E).
Filippi, Jessica
La justice restaurative des mineurs en France, une approche dans une perspective juridique et scientifique Article de journal
Dans: Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique, vol. LXXIII, no. 2, p. 199–219, 2020.
@article{RICPTS2020-02-04,
title = {La justice restaurative des mineurs en France, une approche dans une perspective juridique et scientifique},
author = { Jessica Filippi},
url = {https://aiclf.net/access-ricpts.php?file=https://www.aiclf.net/wp-content/uploads/ricpts/2020-2022/RICPTS_2020-02-04.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-06-30},
journal = {Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique},
volume = {LXXIII},
number = {2},
pages = {199–219},
abstract = {Cet article est une analyse de la circulaire française du 15 mars 2017 (1), qui traite de la mise en œuvre de la justice restaurative en France, en particulier dans le domaine de la justice des mineurs. L’analyse de la circulaire est faite en comparaison avec le contexte de la directive européenne sur la justice juvénile et la littérature internationale sur les processus criminologiques en justice restaurative (plus précisément les principes qui l’intéressent). Cet article démontrera que la justice restaurative et la philosophie sur laquelle elle repose sont conformes à la directive européenne 2016/800, qui traite de la participation des enfants à la justice des mineurs et à une justice qui leur soit adaptée (2). Cependant, cette directive européenne n’est pas mentionnée dans la circulaire française. Ensuite, cet article entreprendra une analyse pour identifier les écarts entre les principes philosophiques sur lesquels repose la justice restaurative et leur mise en œuvre dans le cadre juridique français et la circulaire précitée. Il proposera également quelques clarifications dans l’utilisation des termes juridiques pour mieux se conformer à la philosophie et aux processus de la justice restaurative.
This article is a critical analysis of the new French circular of the 15 March 2017 which deals with the implementation of restorative justice in France especially in the field of juvenile justice. This analysis is made in comparison with the background of the European Directive on Juvenile Justice and the international literature concerning criminological processes in restorative justice (more precisely the principles of restorative justice). This article will demonstrate that restorative justice and the philosophy it is based on (restorative justice principles) are in line with the European Directive 2016/800, which deals with child participation in juvenile justice and child-friendly justice. However, this European Directive is not mentioned in the French circular. Not mentioning it could be interpreted as a way to make explicit the importance of the welfare model in juvenile justice in relation to the possible ways for a juvenile to participate actively in justice through restorative justice. Then, this article will undertake a critical analysis to identify the gaps between the philosophical principles on which restorative justice is founded and their implementation in the French legal framework and the circular previously mentioned. It will also propose some clarifications in the use of legal terms to better conform to the philosophy and the processes of restorative justice.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article is a critical analysis of the new French circular of the 15 March 2017 which deals with the implementation of restorative justice in France especially in the field of juvenile justice. This analysis is made in comparison with the background of the European Directive on Juvenile Justice and the international literature concerning criminological processes in restorative justice (more precisely the principles of restorative justice). This article will demonstrate that restorative justice and the philosophy it is based on (restorative justice principles) are in line with the European Directive 2016/800, which deals with child participation in juvenile justice and child-friendly justice. However, this European Directive is not mentioned in the French circular. Not mentioning it could be interpreted as a way to make explicit the importance of the welfare model in juvenile justice in relation to the possible ways for a juvenile to participate actively in justice through restorative justice. Then, this article will undertake a critical analysis to identify the gaps between the philosophical principles on which restorative justice is founded and their implementation in the French legal framework and the circular previously mentioned. It will also propose some clarifications in the use of legal terms to better conform to the philosophy and the processes of restorative justice.
Houamria, Faissel; Rehailia, Hassib
Facteurs de distribution spatiale des crimes dans la ville d’Annaba : cas des quartiers du Centre-ville et de la Plaine Ouest Article de journal
Dans: Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique, vol. LXXIII, no. 2, p. 179–198, 2020.
@article{RICPTS2020-02-03,
title = {Facteurs de distribution spatiale des crimes dans la ville d’Annaba : cas des quartiers du Centre-ville et de la Plaine Ouest},
author = { Faissel Houamria and Hassib Rehailia},
url = {https://aiclf.net/access-ricpts.php?file=https://www.aiclf.net/wp-content/uploads/ricpts/2020-2022/RICPTS_2020-02-03.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-06-30},
journal = {Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique},
volume = {LXXIII},
number = {2},
pages = {179–198},
abstract = {L’objectif de cet article est d’évaluer l’impact des facteurs environnementaux et notamment les facteurs démographiques, fonctionnels et spatiaux sur la distribution des crimes dans la ville d’Annaba. Pour ce faire, deux zones d’étude, les quartiers du Centre-ville (quartier commercial) et de la Plaine Ouest (quartier résidentiel) ont été choisis pour constituer l’objet d’étude de cette recherche. Cette évaluation s’effectue à la fois à l’échelle du segment de rue et du HotSpot (groupement de segments de rue). Les résultats suggèrent qu’à l’échelle des segments de rue les variables démographiques, fonctionnelles et spatiales n’ont pas d’influence sur la distribution spatiale des crimes. Au niveau du HotSpot de crimes de la zone du Centre-ville, la concentration des crimes sur le même endroit est liée principalement à la concentration des activités attractives des criminels (ou HotSpot attracteur), celles attractives des étrangers et des locaux fermés sur le même lieu. Tandis qu’au niveau du HotSpot de crimes de la zone de la Plaine Ouest, les crimes ont tendance à se concentrer au niveau des espaces désertés générés par la juxtaposition des limites urbaines. Quant aux HotSpots générateurs des deux zones d’étude, ils sont négativement liés à la densité des crimes grâce à la concentration des activités de proximité qui génèrent un flux important des habitants qui assurent une surveillance naturelle de l’espace public et à la concentration des caméras de surveillance et des agents de police sur le même endroit.
The aim of this article is to evaluate the impact of environmental factors including demographic, functional and spatial factors on the distribution of crimes in the city of Annaba. To do this, two study areas, the downtown (commercial neighborhood) and the West Plain (residential neighborhood) neighborhoods were chosen to be the object of study of this research. This evaluation is done both at the street segment and HotSpot (street segment group) level. The results suggest that at the street segment level, demographic, functional and spatial variables have no influence on the spatial distribution of crime. At the level of the HotSpot of crimes in the downtown area, the concentration of crimes in the same place is mainly related to the concentration of attractive activities of criminals (or HotSpot attractor), attractive activities of strangers and closed premises on the same place. While at the HotSpot level of crime in the West Plain area, crimes tend to concentrate on deserted spaces generated by the juxtaposition of urban boundaries. As for the HotSpots generator of the two study areas, they are negatively related to the density of the crimes because of the concentration of the activities of proximity which generate a significant flow of the inhabitants who ensure a natural surveillance of the public space and the concentration of the surveillance cameras and police officers on the same place.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The aim of this article is to evaluate the impact of environmental factors including demographic, functional and spatial factors on the distribution of crimes in the city of Annaba. To do this, two study areas, the downtown (commercial neighborhood) and the West Plain (residential neighborhood) neighborhoods were chosen to be the object of study of this research. This evaluation is done both at the street segment and HotSpot (street segment group) level. The results suggest that at the street segment level, demographic, functional and spatial variables have no influence on the spatial distribution of crime. At the level of the HotSpot of crimes in the downtown area, the concentration of crimes in the same place is mainly related to the concentration of attractive activities of criminals (or HotSpot attractor), attractive activities of strangers and closed premises on the same place. While at the HotSpot level of crime in the West Plain area, crimes tend to concentrate on deserted spaces generated by the juxtaposition of urban boundaries. As for the HotSpots generator of the two study areas, they are negatively related to the density of the crimes because of the concentration of the activities of proximity which generate a significant flow of the inhabitants who ensure a natural surveillance of the public space and the concentration of the surveillance cameras and police officers on the same place.
Skaf, Faten
Les modes opératoires des cybercriminels Article de journal
Dans: Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique, vol. LXXIII, no. 2, p. 155–178, 2020.
@article{RICPTS2020-02-02,
title = {Les modes opératoires des cybercriminels},
author = { Faten Skaf},
url = {https://aiclf.net/access-ricpts.php?file=https://www.aiclf.net/wp-content/uploads/ricpts/2020-2022/RICPTS_2020-02-02.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-06-30},
journal = {Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique},
volume = {LXXIII},
number = {2},
pages = {155–178},
abstract = {Les acteurs de la cybermenace obéissent à des motivations, des intentions et des objectifs radicalement distincts. Les menaces qui portent atteinte à la sécurité d’un réseau seront de nature différente s’il s’agit d’un pirate, d’un casseur ou d’un terroriste, mais les méthodes restent souvent identiques (1). Le recours à une attaque informatique présente de nombreux avantages car il s’avère moins risqué, moins coûteux et beaucoup plus discret, l’identification de son auteur étant extrêmement difficile. Par ailleurs, il est complexe de se protéger contre les attaques informatiques car les techniques évoluent sans cesse et il n’existe pas de parade absolue dans le cyberespace. Autre difficulté, la sécurité informatique est largement dépendante des comportements des utilisateurs des systèmes d’informations qui considèrent souvent les règles de sécurité comme autant de contraintes (2). Tous ont un jour été confrontés, parfois à leur insu, aux pratiques des pirates, sans nécessairement en être victimes (3). Pour pouvoir se protéger efficacement contre tout type d’attaques informatiques et téléphoniques, il est important de savoir comment les délinquants commettent leurs infractions en cernant leurs différents modes opératoires soit les principaux types d’attaques, soit les nouveaux modes d’action.
The actors of the cyber-threat have radically different motivations, intentions and goals. Threats that affect the security of a network will be different nature if it is a hacker, a breaker or a terrorist, but the methods often remain identical. The use of a computer attack has many advantages because it is less risky, less expensive and much more discreet , the identification of his author is extremely difficult. In addition, it is complex to protect against computer attacks because the techniques evolve constantly and there is no absolute parry in the cyberspace. Other difficulty, computer security is largely dependent on behavior of the users of information systems who often consider the security rules as so many constraints. All have a day confronted, sometimes without their knowledge, with the practices of the pirates, without necessarily being victims. To be able to protect itself effectively against every type of computer and phone attacks, it is important to know how the delinquents commit their crimes by identifying their different modus operandi, either the main types of attacks or the new modes of action.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The actors of the cyber-threat have radically different motivations, intentions and goals. Threats that affect the security of a network will be different nature if it is a hacker, a breaker or a terrorist, but the methods often remain identical. The use of a computer attack has many advantages because it is less risky, less expensive and much more discreet , the identification of his author is extremely difficult. In addition, it is complex to protect against computer attacks because the techniques evolve constantly and there is no absolute parry in the cyberspace. Other difficulty, computer security is largely dependent on behavior of the users of information systems who often consider the security rules as so many constraints. All have a day confronted, sometimes without their knowledge, with the practices of the pirates, without necessarily being victims. To be able to protect itself effectively against every type of computer and phone attacks, it is important to know how the delinquents commit their crimes by identifying their different modus operandi, either the main types of attacks or the new modes of action.
James, Jonathan; Proulx, Jean; Beauregard, Eric
Les meurtriers sexuels : qui sont-ils dans la vie de tous les jours ? Article de journal
Dans: Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique, vol. LXXIII, no. 2, p. 131–154, 2020.
@article{RICPTS2020-02-01,
title = {Les meurtriers sexuels : qui sont-ils dans la vie de tous les jours ?},
author = { Jonathan James and Jean Proulx and Eric Beauregard},
url = {https://aiclf.net/access-ricpts.php?file=https://www.aiclf.net/wp-content/uploads/ricpts/2020-2022/RICPTS_2020-02-01.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-06-30},
journal = {Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique},
volume = {LXXIII},
number = {2},
pages = {131–154},
abstract = {L’objectif de cette étude est d’identifier les caractéristiques du profil psychosocial des individus ayant commis un homicide sexuel ainsi que de mettre en évidence le contexte de vie dans lequel ils se trouvaient avant de commettre leur crime. Pour cela, les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, les styles de vie général et sexuel, les comportements criminels, les cognitions, les événements de vie stressant, ainsi que la motivation pour commettre l’homicide des meurtriers sexuels en série (MSS},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Equey, Sylvain; Borisova, Betina; Caneppele, Stefano; Chopin, Julien; Rosés, Raquel
Perceptions et attitudes des analystes envers les logiciels de prédiction de la criminalité : le cas des polices cantonales romandes Article de journal
Dans: Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique, vol. LXXIII, no. 1, p. 110–126, 2020.
@article{RICPTS2020-01-07,
title = {Perceptions et attitudes des analystes envers les logiciels de prédiction de la criminalité : le cas des polices cantonales romandes},
author = { Sylvain Equey and Betina Borisova and Stefano Caneppele and Julien Chopin and Raquel Rosés},
url = {https://aiclf.net/access-ricpts.php?file=https://www.aiclf.net/wp-content/uploads/ricpts/2020-2022/RICPTS_2020-01-07.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-04-30},
journal = {Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique},
volume = {LXXIII},
number = {1},
pages = {110–126},
abstract = {Depuis la fin des années 90, on entend parler dans les milieux policiers et académiques d’un nouveau modèle de police, dit la police prédictive. Cette approche apparaît être plus populaire dans les pays anglo-saxons en comparaison aux pays d’Europe continentale. Ce travail tente d’identifier des raisons qui pourraient expliquer ce décalage en proposant une étude du contexte suisse-romand. Plus précisément, cet article fournit un aperçu des expériences, des perceptions et des attitudes à propos de l’utilisation de logiciels de prédiction de la criminalité dans les polices cantonales romandes. Les données ont été récoltées au travers de cinq entretiens semi-directifs avec des analystes criminels des polices cantonales de Fribourg, Genève, Jura, Neuchâtel et Vaud. Trois constats principaux se dessinent à l’analyse des résultats. Premièrement, les logiciels de prédiction ne sont pas utilisés dans les polices suisseromandes et cela ne devrait pas évoluer. Deuxièmement, les répondants ne perçoivent pas ces logiciels comme étant fiables et valides, et par conséquent, ne voient pas de raison de les utiliser. Troisièmement, plusieurs risques liés à leur mise en œuvre sont identifiés par les répondants, le principal étant une peur de perte du jugement humain dans le processus analytique.
Since the end of the 1990s, law enforcement agencies and academics have been discussing predictive policing. This approach is more popular in the English-speaking countries than in continental Europe. This paper seeks possible explanations for this discrepancy. More precisely, it provides an overview of the experiences and opinions of professionals of five cantonal police forces in the French-speaking regions of Switzerland regarding the use of prediction tools. Data were collected using five semi-directive interviews with criminal analysts from the cantonal police forces of Fribourg, Geneva, Jura, Neuchatel and Vaud. Three main findings can be emphasized. First, crime prediction tools have not been implemented and they are not expected to be adopted in the future. Second, respondents do not perceive these tools as reliable and valid, and therefore they do not recognize any reason to use them. Third, several risks related to their implementation are identified by respondents, the main one being a fear of loss of human judgment in the analytical process.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Since the end of the 1990s, law enforcement agencies and academics have been discussing predictive policing. This approach is more popular in the English-speaking countries than in continental Europe. This paper seeks possible explanations for this discrepancy. More precisely, it provides an overview of the experiences and opinions of professionals of five cantonal police forces in the French-speaking regions of Switzerland regarding the use of prediction tools. Data were collected using five semi-directive interviews with criminal analysts from the cantonal police forces of Fribourg, Geneva, Jura, Neuchatel and Vaud. Three main findings can be emphasized. First, crime prediction tools have not been implemented and they are not expected to be adopted in the future. Second, respondents do not perceive these tools as reliable and valid, and therefore they do not recognize any reason to use them. Third, several risks related to their implementation are identified by respondents, the main one being a fear of loss of human judgment in the analytical process.
Skaf, Faten
Cybercriminalité : Une réalité protéiforme mal définie Article de journal
Dans: Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique, vol. LXXIII, no. 1, p. 95–109, 2020.
@article{RICPTS2020-01-06,
title = {Cybercriminalité : Une réalité protéiforme mal définie},
author = { Faten Skaf},
url = {https://aiclf.net/access-ricpts.php?file=https://www.aiclf.net/wp-content/uploads/ricpts/2020-2022/RICPTS_2020-01-06.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-04-30},
journal = {Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique},
volume = {LXXIII},
number = {1},
pages = {95–109},
abstract = {Depuis que les technologies de l’information existent, les réponses juridiques à leur utilisation abusive font légion. En effet, l’évolution de ces technologies demande sans cesse de nouvelles solutions juridiques. Cependant, à cause de leur incontrôlable mutation et de la spécialisation nécessaire à la compréhension de ces technologies, le droit a souvent été rapidement dépassé. Définir la cybercriminalité est extrêmement délicat, tant le phénomène se développe et apporte toujours davantage de faits qualifiés ensuite d’infraction par le droit. En outre, l’étendue de la cybercriminalité mène le droit à être applicable dans plusieurs domaines. Ainsi, le respect de la vie privée, de la vie professionnelle, du droit d’auteur, la liberté d’expression, la protection des biens immatériels des entreprises, etc. sont autant de domaines applicables à la cybercriminalité.
Since information technologies have existed, there have been many legal responses to their misuse. Indeed, the evolution of these technologies constantly requires new legal solutions. However, because of their uncontrollable change and the specialization needed to understand these technologies, the law has often been quickly overtaken. Defining cybercrime is extremely delicate, as the phenomenon develops and brings more and more facts that are then qualified as offences by law. In addition, the scope of cybercrime leads the law to be applicable in several areas. Thus, respect for private life, professional life, copyright, freedom of expression, protection of intangible assets of companies, etc. are all areas applicable to cybercrime.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Since information technologies have existed, there have been many legal responses to their misuse. Indeed, the evolution of these technologies constantly requires new legal solutions. However, because of their uncontrollable change and the specialization needed to understand these technologies, the law has often been quickly overtaken. Defining cybercrime is extremely delicate, as the phenomenon develops and brings more and more facts that are then qualified as offences by law. In addition, the scope of cybercrime leads the law to be applicable in several areas. Thus, respect for private life, professional life, copyright, freedom of expression, protection of intangible assets of companies, etc. are all areas applicable to cybercrime.
Bolou, Yabié Geneviève
La délinquance des orphelins de guerre : un recul de la supervision familiale Article de journal
Dans: Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique, vol. LXXIII, no. 1, p. 76–94, 2020.
@article{RICPTS2020-01-05,
title = {La délinquance des orphelins de guerre : un recul de la supervision familiale},
author = { Yabié Geneviève Bolou},
url = {https://aiclf.net/access-ricpts.php?file=https://www.aiclf.net/wp-content/uploads/ricpts/2020-2022/RICPTS_2020-01-05.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-04-30},
journal = {Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique},
volume = {LXXIII},
number = {1},
pages = {76–94},
abstract = {Cet article vise à analyser la délinquance des orphelins de guerre. Il met en évidence la défaillance de la supervision familiale dans le comportement dérogatoire de ceux-ci. Deux centres ont été choisis pour l’enquête de terrain : le centre d’observation des mineurs (COM) et le centre (Erb Aloïs) à Yopougon. Les participants à l’étude sont au nombre de 230. Ils ont été choisis à l’aide de la méthode non probabiliste et soumis à un entretien semi-directif. Les données recueillies ont été analysées à la fois de façon qualitative et quantitative. La théorie au fondement de cette recherche est la théorie de Hirschi (1969) relative au lien social. Les hypothèses testées sont vérifiées car, les résultats obtenus révèlent que le facteur le plus dominant dans la compréhension de la délinquance des orphelins de guerre est l’affaiblissement socio-économique des parents. Cette impuissance économique et sociale fragilise les relations familiales, discrédite le discours normatif des parents et rend défaillante la supervision parentale. Il convient donc d’améliorer les conditions de vie des familles des orphelins de guerre par une assistance financière pour s’investir dans la réalisation d’un projet qui puisse les relever de leurs conditions. Aider les orphelins de guerre à construire un projet de vie qui puisse leur permettre de s’insérer dans le tissu social à travers l’activité de leur choix. Encourager les parents à améliorer ou renforcer leur relation avec leurs enfants au moyen de la supervision pour prévenir ou circonscrire leur comportement déviant.
This article aims to analyze the delinquency of war orphans. It highlights the failure of family supervision in the derogatory behavior of these. Two centers were chosen for the field survey : the Juvenile Observation Center (COM) and the Center (Erb Aloïs) in Yopougon. The study participants number 230. They were selected using the nonprobability method and subjected to a semi-directive interview. The data collected were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively.The theory behind this research is Hirschi’s (1969) theory of social connection. The hypotheses tested are verified because, the results obtained reveal that the most dominant factor in the understanding of the delinquency of war orphans is the socio-economic weakening of the parents. This economic and social powerlessness weakens family relationships, discredits the normative discourse of parents and makes parental supervision fail. It is therefore necessary to improve the living conditions of the families of war orphans through financial assistance to invest in the realization of a project that can meet their conditions. Helping war orphans build a life project that will allow them to fit into the social fabric through the activity of their choice. Encourage parents to improve or strengthen their relationship with their children through supervision to prevent or contain their deviant behavior.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article aims to analyze the delinquency of war orphans. It highlights the failure of family supervision in the derogatory behavior of these. Two centers were chosen for the field survey : the Juvenile Observation Center (COM) and the Center (Erb Aloïs) in Yopougon. The study participants number 230. They were selected using the nonprobability method and subjected to a semi-directive interview. The data collected were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively.The theory behind this research is Hirschi’s (1969) theory of social connection. The hypotheses tested are verified because, the results obtained reveal that the most dominant factor in the understanding of the delinquency of war orphans is the socio-economic weakening of the parents. This economic and social powerlessness weakens family relationships, discredits the normative discourse of parents and makes parental supervision fail. It is therefore necessary to improve the living conditions of the families of war orphans through financial assistance to invest in the realization of a project that can meet their conditions. Helping war orphans build a life project that will allow them to fit into the social fabric through the activity of their choice. Encourage parents to improve or strengthen their relationship with their children through supervision to prevent or contain their deviant behavior.
Dieu, Erwan; Hirschelmann, Astrid; Blatier, Catherine
«Motivé ? Satisfait ? Oui, mais à propos de quoi précisément ?» Justice restaurative : tentative d’une taxonomie des attentes et satisfactions des participants Article de journal
Dans: Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique, vol. LXXIII, no. 1, p. 65–75, 2020.
@article{RICPTS2020-01-04,
title = {«Motivé ? Satisfait ? Oui, mais à propos de quoi précisément ?» Justice restaurative : tentative d’une taxonomie des attentes et satisfactions des participants},
author = { Erwan Dieu and Astrid Hirschelmann and Catherine Blatier},
url = {https://aiclf.net/access-ricpts.php?file=https://www.aiclf.net/wp-content/uploads/ricpts/2020-2022/RICPTS_2020-01-04.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-04-30},
journal = {Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique},
volume = {LXXIII},
number = {1},
pages = {65–75},
abstract = {La Justice restaurative (JR) est un modèle global de prise en considération des besoins d’expression des auteurs et victimes d’infraction. Il s’agit de rendre la liberté aux personnes concernées par une infraction de se rencontrer en toute sécurité. En France, la démarche est désormais dans la Loi et une circulaire interministérielle précise les applications in concreto. L’une des conditions sine qua none est le recueil du consentement des participants. C’est ce volontariat que nous questionnons ici, non d’un point de vue philosophique mais sous un angle psychologique : être volontaire ou consentant, c’est « attendre quoi » ? Nous établissons l’hypothèse qu’il existe une distribution d’attentes possibles. Pour mettre à l’épreuve notre hypothèse et obtenir des résultats, nous avons interrogé les participants à un programme de Justice restaurative sous la forme d’entretiens non directifs, puis classer et quantifier leurs attentes par dimensions thématisées. Nous avons ensuite procédé de même à la sortie du processus concernant les satisfactions engendrées par la mesure restaurative. Nous pensons que la connaissance de la structuration des attentes et satisfactions des participants pourrait aider le facilitateur dans le recueil initial des besoins des sujets.
Restorative Justice (RJ) is a global model that considers the offender and victim needs. It is a matter of restoring the freedom of people concerned by an offense to meet in safety. In France, the approach is now in the Law and an interministerial circular specifies the applications in concreto. One of the conditions sine qua none is the collection of the consent of the participants. It is this voluntary work that we question here, not from a philosophical point of view but from a psychological angle : to be willing or willing is to « wait for what » ? We assume that there is a distribution of possible expectations. To test our hypothesis and obtain results, we interviewed participants in a Restorative Justice program in the form of non-directive interviews, and then ranked and quantified their expectations by thematized dimensions. We then proceeded to exit the process concerning the satisfactions generated by the restoration measure. We think that knowledge of structuring participants’ expectations and satisfactions could help the facilitator in the initial collection of the needs of the subjects.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Restorative Justice (RJ) is a global model that considers the offender and victim needs. It is a matter of restoring the freedom of people concerned by an offense to meet in safety. In France, the approach is now in the Law and an interministerial circular specifies the applications in concreto. One of the conditions sine qua none is the collection of the consent of the participants. It is this voluntary work that we question here, not from a philosophical point of view but from a psychological angle : to be willing or willing is to « wait for what » ? We assume that there is a distribution of possible expectations. To test our hypothesis and obtain results, we interviewed participants in a Restorative Justice program in the form of non-directive interviews, and then ranked and quantified their expectations by thematized dimensions. We then proceeded to exit the process concerning the satisfactions generated by the restoration measure. We think that knowledge of structuring participants’ expectations and satisfactions could help the facilitator in the initial collection of the needs of the subjects.
Cusson, Maurice
Le secret de Venise. Comment la Sérénissime république créa-t-elle de la sécurité et de la liberté pendant mille ans ? Article de journal
Dans: Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique, vol. LXXIII, no. 1, p. 45–64, 2020.
@article{RICPTS2020-01-03,
title = {Le secret de Venise. Comment la Sérénissime république créa-t-elle de la sécurité et de la liberté pendant mille ans ?},
author = { Maurice Cusson},
url = {https://aiclf.net/access-ricpts.php?file=https://www.aiclf.net/wp-content/uploads/ricpts/2020-2022/RICPTS_2020-01-03.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-04-30},
journal = {Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique},
volume = {LXXIII},
number = {1},
pages = {45–64},
abstract = {Ce regard d’un criminologue sur la longue histoire de Venise fait d’abord constater que les taux d’homicide de cette république restaient très bas vers la fin du Moyen Âge et que, pendant des siècles, il y régnait une sécurité et une liberté comme nulle part ailleurs en Europe. Se posent dès lors les questions : Comment les Vénitiens et leur gouvernement ont-ils pu assurer leur sécurité sans pour autant compromettre leur liberté ? Comment Venise se protégea-t-elle contre les voleurs, fraudeurs, brigands et pirates ? Comment les Vénitiens ont-ils réussi à échapper à la tyrannie ? Réponses : L’État vénitien et sa société civile avaient mis au point un remarquable dispositif combinant les contre-pouvoirs, la dissuasion, la prévention situationnelle, la surveillance, l’espionnage, un réseau serré de contrôles sociaux informels, et une éducation de haute qualité.
This look by a criminologist on the history of Venice starts with the fact that homicide rates of this Republic remained low towards the end of the Middle Ages and that, during centuries, one finds a security and a freedom like nowhere else in Europe. So we ask the following questions : How did the Venetians and their government ensure their safety without compromising their freedom ? How did Venice protect itself against thieves, fraudsters, robbers and pirates ? How did the Venetians manage to escape tyranny ? Answers : The Venetian State and its civil society had developed a combination of counter-powers, situational crime prevention, surveillance, espionage, justice, deterrence, a tight network of informal social control networks, and a highquality education.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This look by a criminologist on the history of Venice starts with the fact that homicide rates of this Republic remained low towards the end of the Middle Ages and that, during centuries, one finds a security and a freedom like nowhere else in Europe. So we ask the following questions : How did the Venetians and their government ensure their safety without compromising their freedom ? How did Venice protect itself against thieves, fraudsters, robbers and pirates ? How did the Venetians manage to escape tyranny ? Answers : The Venetian State and its civil society had developed a combination of counter-powers, situational crime prevention, surveillance, espionage, justice, deterrence, a tight network of informal social control networks, and a highquality education.
Denault, Vincent; Plusquellec, Pierrich; Jupe, Louise M.; St-Yves, Michel; Dunbar, Norah E.; Hartwig, Maria; Sporer, Siegfried L.; Rioux-Turcotte, Jessica; Jarry, Jonathan; Walsh, Dave; Otgaar, Henry; Viziteu, Andrei; Talwar, Victoria; Keatley, David A.; Blandón-Gitlin, Iris; Townson, Clint; Deslauriers-Varin, Nadine; Lilienfeld, Scott O.; Patterson, Miles L.; Areh, Igor; Allan, Alfred; Cameron, Hilary Evans; Boivin, Rémi; Brinke, Leanne Ten; Masip, Jaume; Bull, Ray; Cyr, Mireille; Hope, Lorraine; Strömwall, Leif A.; Bennett, Stephanie J.; Menaiya, Faisal AL; Leo, Richard A.; Vredeveldt, Annelies; Laforest, Marty; Honts, Charles R.; Manzanero, Antonio L.; Mann, Samantha; Granhag, Pär-Anders; Ask, Karl; Gabbert, Fiona; Guay, Jean-Pierre; Coutant, Alexandre; Hancock, Jeffrey; Manusov, Valerie; Burgoon, Judee K.; Kleinman, Steven M.; Wright, Gordon; Landström, Sara; Freckelton, Ian; Vernham, Zarah; Koppen, Peter J. Van
L’analyse de la communication non verbale : Les dangers de la pseudoscience en contextes de sécurité et de justice Article de journal
Dans: Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique, vol. LXXIII, no. 1, p. 15–44, 2020.
@article{RICPTS2020-01-02,
title = {L’analyse de la communication non verbale : Les dangers de la pseudoscience en contextes de sécurité et de justice},
author = { Vincent Denault and Pierrich Plusquellec and Louise M. Jupe and Michel St-Yves and Norah E. Dunbar and Maria Hartwig and Siegfried L. Sporer and Jessica Rioux-Turcotte and Jonathan Jarry and Dave Walsh and Henry Otgaar and Andrei Viziteu and Victoria Talwar and David A. Keatley and Iris Blandón-Gitlin and Clint Townson and Nadine Deslauriers-Varin and Scott O. Lilienfeld and Miles L. Patterson and Igor Areh and Alfred Allan and Hilary Evans Cameron and Rémi Boivin and Leanne Ten Brinke and Jaume Masip and Ray Bull and Mireille Cyr and Lorraine Hope and Leif A. Strömwall and Stephanie J. Bennett and Faisal AL Menaiya and Richard A. Leo and Annelies Vredeveldt and Marty Laforest and Charles R. Honts and Antonio L. Manzanero and Samantha Mann and Pär-Anders Granhag and Karl Ask and Fiona Gabbert and Jean-Pierre Guay and Alexandre Coutant and Jeffrey Hancock and Valerie Manusov and Judee K. Burgoon and Steven M. Kleinman and Gordon Wright and Sara Landström and Ian Freckelton and Zarah Vernham and Peter J. Van Koppen},
url = {https://aiclf.net/access-ricpts.php?file=https://www.aiclf.net/wp-content/uploads/ricpts/2020-2022/RICPTS_2020-01-02.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-04-30},
journal = {Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique},
volume = {LXXIII},
number = {1},
pages = {15–44},
abstract = {Pour les professionnels de la sécurité et de la justice, les milliers d’articles révisés par les pairs sur la communication non verbale représentent d’importantes sources de connaissances. Toutefois, malgré l’étendue des travaux scientifiques réalisés sur ce sujet, des professionnels peuvent se tourner vers des programmes, méthodes et approches qui ignorent ou négligent l’état de la science. L’objectif de cet article est de se pencher sur (i) des concepts sur la communication non verbale véhiculés par ces programmes, méthodes et approches, mais aussi sur (ii) les conséquences de leur utilisation. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous décrivons l’étendue de la recherche scientifique sur la communication non verbale. Un programme (le SPOT « Screening of Passengers by Observation Techniques »), une méthode (le BAI « Behavior Analysis Interview ») et une approche (la synergologie) allant à l’encontre de l’état de la science sont examinés. Finalement, nous proposons cinq hypothèses afin d’expliquer pourquoi certaines organisations des domaines de la sécurité et de la justice se tournent vers la pseudoscience et des techniques pseudoscientifiques.
For security and justice professionals, the thousands of peer-reviewed articles on nonverbal communication represent important sources of knowledge. However, despite the scope of the scientific work carried out on this subject, professionals can turn to programs, methods and approaches that fail to reflect the state of science. The objective of this article is to examine (i) concepts of nonverbal communication conveyed by these programs, methods and approaches, but also (ii) the consequences of their use. To achieve this objective, we describe the scope of scientific research on nonverbal communication. A program (SPOT “Screening of Passengers by Observation Techniques”), a method (the BAI “Behavior Analysis Interview”) and an approach (synergology) that each run counter to the state of science are examined. Finally, we outline five hypotheses to explain why some organizations in the fields of security and justice are turning to pseudoscience and pseudoscientific techniques.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
For security and justice professionals, the thousands of peer-reviewed articles on nonverbal communication represent important sources of knowledge. However, despite the scope of the scientific work carried out on this subject, professionals can turn to programs, methods and approaches that fail to reflect the state of science. The objective of this article is to examine (i) concepts of nonverbal communication conveyed by these programs, methods and approaches, but also (ii) the consequences of their use. To achieve this objective, we describe the scope of scientific research on nonverbal communication. A program (SPOT “Screening of Passengers by Observation Techniques”), a method (the BAI “Behavior Analysis Interview”) and an approach (synergology) that each run counter to the state of science are examined. Finally, we outline five hypotheses to explain why some organizations in the fields of security and justice are turning to pseudoscience and pseudoscientific techniques.
Ouimet, Marc; Gravel, Alex
Les théories de la délinquance sont-elles universelles ? Réponse étonnante provenant des données du second sondage international de délinquance Article de journal
Dans: Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique, vol. LXXIII, no. 1, p. 3–14, 2020.
@article{RICPTS2020-01-01,
title = {Les théories de la délinquance sont-elles universelles ? Réponse étonnante provenant des données du second sondage international de délinquance},
author = { Marc Ouimet and Alex Gravel},
url = {https://aiclf.net/access-ricpts.php?file=https://www.aiclf.net/wp-content/uploads/ricpts/2020-2022/RICPTS_2020-01-01.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-04-30},
journal = {Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique},
volume = {LXXIII},
number = {1},
pages = {3–14},
abstract = {Les théories de la délinquance constituent une base nécessaire pour développer des programmes de prévention efficaces. Or, puisque les théories de la délinquance furent développées et testées essentiellement des échantillons anglo-saxons, nous nous demandons dans quelle mesure ces théories sont valides dans d’autres contextes culturels. A partir des données d’un sondage de délinquance autorévélée mené dans 31 pays avec plus de 70 000 jeunes, nous sommes en mesure de tester la pertinence d’un modèle conceptuel qui contraste trois grandes théories, soit la tension, le contrôle et l’apprentissage. Les résultats montrent que les jeunes issus d’une famille brisée sont 1,5 fois plus à risque de délinquance sérieuse que les jeunes vivant avec leurs deux parents, que les jeunes ayant un faible niveau de contrôle personnel sont 3,1 fois plus à risque de délinquance et que les jeunes qui ont des amis délinquants sont 5,1 fois plus à risque de délinquance. Les résultats des analyses pays par pays confirment que le modèle est très semblable partout, ce qui atteste de l’universalité des théories de la délinquance développées au cours des dernières décennies par les criminologues.
Theories of delinquency provide a necessary basis for developing effective prevention programs. However, since theories of delinquency have been tested mainly on AngloSaxon samples, we are wondering to what extent these theories are valid in other cultural contexts. Using data from a self-reported delinquency survey conducted in 31 countries with more than 70,000 youth, we are able to test the relevance of a conceptual model that contrasts three major theories of delinquency : strain, control and learning. The results show that youths coming from broken home are 1.5 times more likely to have committed a serious delinquent act as compared to those from an intact home. Subjects that have a low level of self-control are 3.1 times more likely to be delinquents. Also, youth with delinquent friends are 5.1 times more likely to be delinquent than others. The results of the country by country analysis corroborate that the general model tested is very similar everywhere, which confirms the universality of delinquency theories developed in the last decades by criminologists.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Theories of delinquency provide a necessary basis for developing effective prevention programs. However, since theories of delinquency have been tested mainly on AngloSaxon samples, we are wondering to what extent these theories are valid in other cultural contexts. Using data from a self-reported delinquency survey conducted in 31 countries with more than 70,000 youth, we are able to test the relevance of a conceptual model that contrasts three major theories of delinquency : strain, control and learning. The results show that youths coming from broken home are 1.5 times more likely to have committed a serious delinquent act as compared to those from an intact home. Subjects that have a low level of self-control are 3.1 times more likely to be delinquents. Also, youth with delinquent friends are 5.1 times more likely to be delinquent than others. The results of the country by country analysis corroborate that the general model tested is very similar everywhere, which confirms the universality of delinquency theories developed in the last decades by criminologists.
Kummer, Natalie; Metzger, César
Investigations forensiques lors d’incidents atomiques, biologiques et chimiques en Suisse: Contexte et réflexions préliminaires Article de journal
Dans: Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique, vol. LXXII, no. 4, p. 484–505, 2019.
@article{RICPTS2019-04-05,
title = {Investigations forensiques lors d’incidents atomiques, biologiques et chimiques en Suisse: Contexte et réflexions préliminaires},
author = { Natalie Kummer and César Metzger},
url = {https://aiclf.net/access-ricpts.php?file=https://www.aiclf.net/wp-content/uploads/ricpts/2010-2019/RICPTS_2019-04-05.pdf},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-12-31},
journal = {Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique},
volume = {LXXII},
number = {4},
pages = {484–505},
abstract = {Au cours des dix dernières années, le domaine de l’investigation forensique d’incidents impliquant des agents atomiques, biologiques ou chimiques (ABC) a gagné en importance. Néanmoins, les domaines de la protection ABC et de la science forensique restent souvent bien distincts. Sachant que les compétences nécessaires pour d’une part gérer les incidents ABC et d’autre part mener à bien des investigations forensiques sont d’ores et déjà disponibles en Suisse, les auteurs sont convaincus qu’une mise en commun de ces deux disciplines est la clef pour mener à bien une investigation forensique d’incidents impliquant des agents ABC. A cet effet, le présent manuscrit se propose de résumer les deux domaines concernés, à savoirla gestion d’incidents impliquant des agents ABC (section 2) et l’investigation forensique (section 3). Une brève présentation des tendances européennes concernant l’investigation forensique d’incidents ABC sera fournie dans la section 4. Toutes ces informations serviront de base à la discussion concernant les points importants à considérer pour mettre en place une procédure d’investigation d’incidents impliquant des agents du type ABC en Suisse.
In the last decade, the relevance of forensic investigations of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) incidents has increased. Nevertheless, a gap still exists between the CBRN field and the forensic sciences. In Switzerland, capabilities for the response to CBRN incidents as well as capabilities to investigate crime scenes and perform forensic analysis are readily available. The authors are convinced that combining these two fields of expertise is the key to ensure adequate forensic investigations of incidents involving CBRN agents. To this purpose, the present manuscript provides a description of both fields of expertise, namely the management of CBRN incidents (section 2) and forensic investigations (section 3). A brief overview of European trends regarding forensic investigations of CBRN incidents is given in section 4. All these information will be used to discuss key points to consider for setting up a process for the forensic investigation of CBRN incidents.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the last decade, the relevance of forensic investigations of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) incidents has increased. Nevertheless, a gap still exists between the CBRN field and the forensic sciences. In Switzerland, capabilities for the response to CBRN incidents as well as capabilities to investigate crime scenes and perform forensic analysis are readily available. The authors are convinced that combining these two fields of expertise is the key to ensure adequate forensic investigations of incidents involving CBRN agents. To this purpose, the present manuscript provides a description of both fields of expertise, namely the management of CBRN incidents (section 2) and forensic investigations (section 3). A brief overview of European trends regarding forensic investigations of CBRN incidents is given in section 4. All these information will be used to discuss key points to consider for setting up a process for the forensic investigation of CBRN incidents.